from:
-- Illegal immigration; In:
Encyclopaedia Judaica 1971, vol. 8
-- Israel, State of; In: Encyclopaedia Judaica 1971, vol. 9
Illegal Immigration
(from: Illegal immigration; In:
Encyclopaedia Judaica 1971, vol. 8)
<"Illegal" Immigration (Aliyah Bet or ha'palah -
"resolute ascent"),
the clandestine immigration of Jews to Erez Israel.
[Illegal immigration went also to other countries, but only the
immigration to Palestine is called "Aliyah"].
[since 1882: First illegal
immigration to Palestine under Turkish rule]
This kind of immigration began under Ottoman rule. From 1882 onward the
Turks did not permit Jews from Eastern Europe, with rare exceptions, to
settle in Palestine, allowing them only a few months' stay to visit the
holy places, but many thousands of Jews infiltrated during the First
and Second *Aliyah to lay the foundations of the new
yishuv [[Jewish population in
Palestine before 1948]]. The terms
Aliyah
Bet and
ha'palah were
coined during the
British regime in the 1930s.
[[Supplement: Herzl's book "The
Jewish State" and the effects for immigration - and the First Mose]
The racist book "The Jewish State" from Theodor Herzl (1896) is not
mentioned: The Herzl book is the base for all further Jewish
immigration to Palestine stating that Arabs can be driven out from
Palestine like the natives in the "USA". Herzl says this would be the
"modern solution" of the Jewish question. As a reaction Arab agitation
was created and Arab newspapers were agitating against Jewish
immigration since 1896.
Herzl also promised in his book that in Palestine could be found
goldmines like in South Africa, but he never was in Palestine. The
Herzl book split the
worldwide Jewry in Zionists and non-Zionists, so the Zionists undertook
the illegal immigration. Add to this since 1915 the Arabs had weapons
from the
British against the Turks. So the Arabs could not be driven out any
more. Add to this the Zionist Jewish organizations always cite the
Bible with First Mose chapter 15 phrase 18 for a Big Israel...]].
Theodor Herzl, portrait of a racist, which was normal for this period,
to be racist even was "scientific" in these times!
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
|
Speach of Herzl on the Zionist congress at Basel in the Casino for his
racist plans to found an Israel against the Arabs, 1896
|
 |
Theodor
Herzl, book "Der Judenstaat. Versuch einer modernen Lösung der
Judenfrage von Theodor Herzl, Doktor der Rechte" (English: "The Jewish
State. Concept of a modern solution of the Jewish question by Theodor
Herzl, Doctor of the rights". Edition Breitensteiner Leipzig and Vienna
1896", cover in German
Arabs can be driven away, that's the "modern solution" of the "Jewish
question", says Herzl.
|
 |
Theodor
Herzl, book "The Jewish State" from 1896, modern cover
This book is the reason for the Middle East conflict, and the Jewish
Zionist
Free Mason propagandists of the Jewish governments at Jerusalem
never want to
admit that they have to give up this Herzl book.
So the Jews at the end went from one trap (NS Europe) into the next
trap (Zionist Israel), and the League of Nations never wanted to have
this in their discussions, because nobody believed that one can
establish a state in a desert...
So Human
Rights would be better
than this Herzl book.
|
Between the World Wars.
[1930s: GB has fixed immigration
quotas or even halted the immigration]
Britain was enjoined by Article 6 of the *Mandate for Palestine to
"facilitate Jewish immigration under suitable circumstances", but the
immigration quotas fixed by the Administration of Palestine failed to
meet the pressure of pioneers seeking to settle in the country and Jews
fleeing from distress and persecution, or the need to safeguard the
future of the Jewish National Home. From time to time immigration was
drastically cut or entirely halted. The
yishuv and the Zionist Movement
felt no compunction in circumventing official restrictions which they
regarded as illegal violations of Britain's duty under the Mandate.
[[Factor: The Jewish Zionists bought the land from the rich Arabs, and
the
Palestinian farmers had no vote, or: The Jewish Zionists took the
desert, and the Jewish
agriculture transformed the desert
into land, or: The Jewish Zionists saw a
marsh land, and they drained it and
made land of it. So the Palestinians saw that the number of Jews was
only
rising and never halting. What should they do?]]
Marsh land is drained in Palestine. Are there Jews working together
with Palestinians? I don't believe... |
 Palestinian
demonstration against Jewish immigration 1930 |
[Methods for illegal immigration:
Immigrant ships - crossing border in the north - tourists stay -
fictitious deposits for visa - fictitious marriages of Jewish girls
with Palestinian citizens]
Jews who had failed to obtain immigration certificates sometimes
mingled with the passengers on regular immigrant ships; others crossed
the borders in the north with the aid of Jewish settlers in Upper
Galilee. Some came as tourists or visitors to such events as the
Maccabiah Games in 1932 and 1935, and stayed as unregistered, "illegal"
residents. Fictitious deposits of 1,000 Palestine pounds were arranged
to secure "capitalist" visas; girls entered on the (col. 1248)
strength of fictitious marriages with Palestinian citizens or residents
of Palestine. According to the Peel Commission's report there were some
22,000 illegal immigrants in 1932-33.
[since 1933: 350 pioneers landed
by the ship Vellos]
The rise of Hitler [and his collaborators] increased the pressure for
aliyah, and in 1934 the first
organized efforts at clandestine immigration by sea took place. The
*He-Halutz movement chartered the Greek ship
Vellos and with the aid of *Haganah
members landed some 350 pioneers, but operations were suspended after a
second attempt had failed for lack of experience.
[More illegal ships in 1937 -
Mosad set up for illegal immigration - private boats since Anschluss
1938]
In 1937, when there were signs that Britain intended to halt
immigration, *Revisionists and *
Betar
groups restarted the effort and
in two years sent out several ships, which transported several thousand
immigrants from Eastern Europe under the slogan
Af al pi ("in spite of ..."). Their
success encouraged
He-Halutz
to resume the organization of "illegal"
immigration;
several boats were dispatched, beginning with the Poseidon in 1938, and
at first landed their human cargoes without incident. Late in 1938 the
Mosad le-Aliyah Bet
("Organization for 'Illegal' Immigration" - in
brief, the Mosad) was set up by the
Haganah
under the leadership of
Shaul *Avigur
(Meirov).
After the Nazi conquest of Austria and
Czechoslovakia, refugee boats were also organized by private
individuals.
Mosad, emblem
The motto states: "By way of deception, thou
shalt do war"
(http://s3.amazonaws.com/911timeline/main/essaykhalidandnawaf.html)
[[The Jews were going form the Nazi trap into the Zionist trap...]]
[GB measures against illegal
immigrant ships - White Paper 1939 for 10,000 immigrants per annum -
Zionist declaration of clandestine immigration]
The Mandatory government did everything in its power to stop the stream
of "illegal" immigrants, exerting pressure on other governments to
prevent them leaving and dispatching patrol boats to track the ships
from the moment of their departure till their arrival off the
Palestinian coast. At a later stage (1940-48) radar stations were
erected and aircraft employed to detect immigrant vessels on the open
sea. Angered by the ruling power's policy, the
yishuv staged protest
demonstrations and strikes. When in May 1939 Britain published the
White Paper restricting Jewish immigration to 10,000 per annum, the
Zionist leaders retorted by declaring clandestine immigration a prime
means in the struggle for free aliyah and Jewish independence.
Zionist demonstration against White Paper policy, May 1939
[The Zionists are acting on the base of the racist Herzl book and don't
want to accept that the Arabs have weapons. This colonization plan
against Arabs will fail...].
During World War II.
[GB measures: Jewish refugees sent
to Mauritius - Haganah provokes sinking of the ship Patria - Struma
lost]
During the war years,
ha'palah
became an operation for rescuing Jews from extermination. Small,
rickety boats, sailing from Romanian and Bulgarian ports, some of them
crammed with 2,000 passengers, continued to reach the shores of
Palestine, where most of them were intercepted by the British. When at
the end of 1940 several thousands of refugees arrived from Romania in
three ships, the British decided to transfer them to *Mauritius. Some
of them were put on board the
Patria
for deportation, and Haganah emissaries sabotaged the ship in Haifa
harbor to prevent it leaving, but, through a tragic miscalculation, it
sank and some 250 lives were lost. About 1,600 of the immigrants were
deported and detained in Mauritius until the end of the war.
Another refugee boat whose passengers were refused entry was the
[[ship]]
Struma
which sank in the Marmara
Sea [[before Istanbul]] in February 1942 with the loss of all 769
persons on board except
one.
Ship Struma
|
Departed
Constanta 1941 Dec 11, arrived 1941 Dec 16
767 passengers
The 74-year-old steamer Struma,
(240 tons, 1867) with 767 people crowded on board, left Constanta on
December 11, 1941 flying the Panamanian flag. The boat was detained at
Istanbul as unseaworthy and remained in the harbor; the passengers were
not allowed ashore. British authorities wanted the ship returned to
Romania. After two months of negotiations, the ship with broken down
engines was towed into the Black Sea where it was found by the Soviet
submarine SC-213 and torpedoed, on February 24th. There was one
survivor of this tragedy.
(http://www.paulsilverstone.com/immigration/Primary/Aliyah/shiplist1.php)
|
[[Struma originally is the name of a river in Bulgaria]].
During most of the war years the Mosad organized clandestine
immigration by overland routes, mainly from the Middle East.
[[The Zionist Mosad emigration route is going over the Black Sea to
Cyprus and to Palestine]].
Jews in the British army 1942, there was a "Jewish Brigade"
[[Zionists have a strong argument for more Jewish emigration to
Palestine because Jews are in the British army and fighting against NS
forces]].
After World War II.
[1945-1948: Mosad organizing the
passage over the Mediterranean Sea - the crews of the ships]
After the war large-scale operations at sea were resumed by the Mosad,
the immigrants being mainly refugee survivors of European Jewry who had
escaped by way of the *Berihah rescue operation and reached the shores
of Italy, France, Romania, Yugoslavia, and Greece. Their passage was
supervised by Mosad emissaries, the immigrants in most cases embarking
at small, remote ports, and traveling under cramped conditions in
densely packed vessels, most of which were unfit for passenger
transportation.
The Italians and others who at first constituted the crews of these
ships were later joined by Palestinian and American Jews. The refugees
were escorted (col. 1249)
by members of the Haganah and volunteers from the Diaspora,
particularly from the U.S. The success of the operation was due in no
small measure to the manner in which the refugees themselves,
regardless of age or sex, willingly endured privation and danger, and
to the total solidarity of the
yishuv
with the refugees.
[Clandestine Haganah-boats
arriving at night]
Haganah members and others received boats which arrived clandestinely
at night to desolate places of the sea shore, carrying on their
shoulders those who were unable to wade to the shore - the elderly, the
sick, women, and children. In other cases the refugees were immediately
brought in buses and trucks to kibbutzim and having changed their
clothes could not be recognized as such by the searching British
police.
[[The Arabs are not asked. Herzl does not give them any right...]]
[1945-1948: 65 immigrant boats
arrive at Palestine under Mosad leadership]
In the years from 1945 to 1948, 65 immigrant boats embarked for
Palestine, all under the aegis of the Mosad, save for one boat
dispatched by the Hebrew National Liberation Committee founded by
Revisionists in the U.S. Most of these were intercepted by the British;
among the few that succeeded in landing their passengers were the
Dalin (August
1945), the
Hanna
Szenes (December 1945), and
the
Shabbetai
Lozinski, which
went aground on the rocks near Ashdod in March 1947, the immigrants
mingling with hundreds of local residents who came to their rescue so
that the authorities might not distinguish between them.
Departed Bari 1945 Aug 21, arrived 1945 Aug 28.
35 passengers
(http://www.paulsilverstone.com/immigration/Primary/Aliyah/shiplist2.php)
British war ship stops Zionist refugee ship
[GB measures: Intercepted boats -
camp in Cyprus with 51,500 Jews - settlement preparations]
Intercepted boats were impounded and the passengers transferred to a
detention camp at
Athlit, some
of them later being released within the
framework of the limited immigration quota. From August 1946 the
British began deporting the clandestine immigrants to detention camps
in *
Cyprus, where 51,500 were
kept under detention and 2,000 children
were born.
British detention camp on Cyprus for Jews 1946-1948 (01) |
British detention camp on Cyprus for Jews 1946-1948 (02) |
Camp on Cyprus, Jews behind barbed wire |
<Lord Winster, the Governor of Cyprus
demanded guarantees that the Jews would leave. He feared that Cyprus
could become a new Palestine. [...] Camp costs were paid by the
Government of Palestine. The Cyprus camps cost 1.2 million pounds to
construct. In mid 1947 Secretary of State for the Colonies,
Creech-Jones, estimated the monthly maintenance of
the camps at 45,000 pounds.>
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Telaviv1/sandbox)
The detainees were by no means passive. They organized themselves and
prepared for settlement in Erez Israel with the aid of emissaries from
there, learning Hebrew, and even undergoing military training. Seven
hundred and fifty of the detainees, chosen by their own committees,
were allowed to enter Palestine every month, the number being deducted
from the official immigration quota, but the majority reached Israel
only after independence, between May 1948 and Februar 1949.
Refugee
camp at Tel Aviv, 11 Dec 1947. [[Existence in Palestine was often not
much better than in Cyprus, only without barbed wire...]]
[GB measures: Attacking the Jewish
immigrant boats - resistance of the Jews - dragging to the deportation
boats]
The critical moment for all the immigrant ships was that of their
interception by the British patrol boats, which were ready to attack if
their orders were not obeyed. The methods of attack ranged from ramming
the boats to using tear gas, batons, and, at times, firearms in order
to overcome the immigrants' resistance. The men in charge had to decide
on the measure of resistance to be offered, according to such factors
as the age and condition of the passengers: Sometimes the attackers
were met with sticks, stones, and tins of preserves; generally, passive
resistance was offered to the British soldiers, who dragged the
immigrants to the deportation boats. Many were injured and several died
in these encounters.
Among the ships whose passengers offered the strongest resistance were
the
Latrun
(October 1946),
the
Knesset
Yisrael
(November
1946), the
Chaim
Arlosoroff (February
1947), and the
Theodor
Herzl (April 1947).
Ship
Latrun with Jewish passengers |
Departed
France 1946, arrived 1946 Nov 1.
1279 passengers
Registered name: San Dimitrio
Arrived leaky & listing heavily. Resistance, tear gas. Captured by
HMS Chivalrous.
Photo courtesy of Algerine Association
(http://www.paulsilverstone.com/immigration/Primary/Aliyah/shiplist2.php)
|
Ship
Knesset Israel with Jewish passengers |
Departed Bakar 1946, arrived
1946 Nov 25.
3845 passengers
Registered name: Lochit
Largest number yet. Captured by 4 destroyers & others. Much
resistance, 2 killed. All taken to 3 transports.
Photo courtesy of Algerine Association
(hhttp://www.paulsilverstone.com/immigration/Primary/Aliyah/shiplist2.php) |
Ship
Chaim Arlosoroff with Jewish passengers |
Departed Malmo, Taranto 1947
Jan 24, arrived 1947 Feb 27.
1378 passengers
Registered name: Ulua
ex-USCGC Unalga
Former USCG cutter Unalga. Intercepted by HMS Chieftain & beached
south of Haifa. 30 Jews wounded.
(http://www.paulsilverstone.com/immigration/Primary/Aliyah/shiplist2.php) |
Ship
Theodor Herzl with Jewish passengers
|
Departed Sete 1947, arrived
1947 Apr 13.
2641 passengers
Registered name: Guardian
Captured by HMS St.Brides Bay & Haydon. Resistance, 2 killed. 3rd
died.
Photo courtesy of Paul Silverstone Collection
(http://www.paulsilverstone.com/immigration/Primary/Aliyah/shiplist2.php)
|
In
March 1946 the British Army prevailed on
the Italian authorities to prevent the departure from La Spezia harbor
of the 1,014 refugees on board the
Dov
Hos and the
Eliyahu
Golomb;
the immigrants reacted by declaring a hunger strike which aroused world
public opinion and compelled Britain to permit the boats to reach
Palestine.
Map
of Italy with La Spezia on the Mediterranean Sea
|
|
Ship Dov Hos with Jewish passengers |
Departed La Spezia 1946 May
8, arrived 1946 May 20.
1014 passengers
Registered name: Fede
Arrived legally after hunger strike at La Spezia. Organized by Arazi,
passengers divided between Fede and Fenice.
Photo courtesy of Haganah Archives
(http://www.paulsilverstone.com/immigration/Primary/Aliyah/shiplist2.php) |
Ship
Eliahu Golomb with Jewish passengers |
Departed La Spezia 1946 May
8, arrived 1946 May 20.
Registered name: Fenice
Arrived legally after hunger strike at La Spezia. Organized by Arazi,
passengers divided between Fede and Fenice.
(http://www.paulsilverstone.com/immigration/Primary/Aliyah/shiplist2.php) |
[Arabs are not asked...]
[Activities in Palestine against
the White Paper policy: Demonstrations, bloody clashes, damage to
property]
Clandestine immigration was the spur to and a focal issue of the
resistance movement against the "White Paper" regime. Mass
demonstrations were held in Palestine on behalf of the refugees,
frequently ending in bloody clashes with the military authorities. The
Athlit internment camp was
penetrated by a Haganah unit and internees
released (October 1945); members of the *Palmah sabotaged (col. 1250)
installations involved in the detention and arrest of clandestine
immigrants, damaging British deportation boats and coastguard and radar
stations.
[1947: The ship Exodus: Jews taken
to France - then to Hamburg - then in internment camp in Germany]
The struggle for the right of free immigration reached its peak in
summer 1947, when 4,515 refugees on board the
Exodus 1947
reached the shores of
Palestine. After the fight with the British on board (three killed, 28
injured), the passengers were removed from the Exodus
to three
transports which took them to France, but the French government refused
to take them off the British deportation boat against their will, while
the refugees themselves chose to endure the intense discomfort of their
stifling cramped quarters in the summer heat rather than disembark.
They were finally taken to Hamburg, where they were forcibly removed
and transferred to a British internment camp in Germany. This incident
aroused world opinion against Britain's policy of closing the gates of
Palestine to survivors of the Holocaust.
[[The camps were near Luebeck, the camps "Poeppendorff" and "Am Stau",
former camps of
the Wehrmacht and then DP camps. The Exodus Jews were there since 8 Sep
under military guard and released on 6 Oct 1947 under heavy
international pressure]].
(http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exodus_(Schiff)
[Jews from the ships Pan York and
Pan Crescent brought to Cyprus]
One of the last clandestine immigration operations was a convoy of two
large boats, the
Pan
York and
Pan
Crescent, transporting
more than 15,000 Jews, the majority from Romania, which left Bulgaria
at the end of 1947 despite British and U.S. attempts to prevent their
setting sail. The passengers were interned in the Cyprus detention
camps.
Ship
Pan-York with Jewish passengers |
Departed
Burgas 1947 Dec, arrived 1948 Jan 1.
7557 passengers
Registered name: Pan York
(Ingathering
of the Exiles) Largest transport, diverted to Cyprus. The ‘Pans' sailed
from Bulgaria and then by agreement directly to Cyprus.
(http://www.paulsilverstone.com/immigration/Primary/Aliyah/shiplist2.php)
|
Ship
Pan Crescent with Jewish passengers |
Departed Burgas 1947 Dec,
arrived 1948 Jan 1.
7612 passengers
Registered name: Pan Crescent
(Independence) see above
Photo courtesy of Haganah Archives
(http://www.paulsilverstone.com/immigration/Primary/Aliyah/shiplist2.php) |
Aliyah Bet came to an end with the establishment of the State of Israel
in May 1948 [[14 May 1948]].
[[The Zionist Free Mason state of Israel was found
without any
border
definitions and with the racist Herzl book "Jewish State" as
ideologic
base with the announcement to drive all Arabs away. Ben Gurion gives
his declarance under the Herzl portrait. So the Arabs know what this
means and since then we have a never ending war there...]].
Ben
Gurion, declarance of independence with a Herzl foto of racist Herzl.
The foto is the program, and the Arabs will never accept this Herzl
state...
Of the clandestine immigrants' boats impounded at Haifa
port, the best were selected and adapted to serve as the first warships
of the Israel Navy.
From the early days of the Vellos more than
115,000 Jews had reached
Palestine by means of Aliyah Bet (about 105,000 of them under the
auspices of the Mosad), and some 800 of them fell in the War of
Independence.> (col. 1254)
[Supplement:
The
main problem, the racist Herzl book, which is the
base of the Middle East conflict, and the Bible with Moses chapter 15
phrase 18, which is the base for all Jewish messianic movements, are
not discussed until now. And Human Rights are not signed
until now, because Free Masons want the victory against the Arabs. So
it would be time for signing Human Rights in the Middle East without
partition of any land (2007)].
[[The Arabs only could watch what was happening there and were not
asked]].
<Bibliography
-- M. M. Mardor: Strictly Illegal (1964), chs. 7-12
-- J. and D. Kimche: Secret Roads (1954)
-- B. Habas: Ha-Sefinah she-Nizzehah (1948)
-- B. Habas: Gate Breakers (1963)
-- M. Basok (ed.): Sefer Ha-Ma'pilim (1947)
-- H. Lazar: Af Al Pi (Heb., 1957)
-- Dinur, Haganah, 2 pt. 3 (1964), index. s.v.: Ha'palah
-- D. Niv: Ma'arekhot ha-Irgun ha-Zeva'i ha-Le'ummi, 2 (1965), 129-63;
3 (1967), 67-71, 321-34;
-- J. Derogy: La loi du retour; la secrčte et véritable histoire de
l'Exodus (1968)
[Y. S.]> (col. 1254)
Sources from article "Illegal immigration"
|
Encyclopaedia Judaica: "Illegal" Immigration, vol. 8, col. 1248
|
Encyclopaedia Judaica: "Illegal" Immigration, vol. 8, col. 1249-1250
|
Encyclopaedia Judaica: "Illegal" Immigration, vol. 8, col. 1251-1252 |
Encyclopaedia Judaica: "Illegal" Immigration, vol. 8, col. 1253-1254 |
-----
The role of Cyprus in the Zionist Jewish strategy - camp
against illegal immigration
from: Cyprus; In: Encyclopaedia Judaica 1971, vol. 5
<In 1878, the English statesman Benjamin *Disraeli succeeded in
having Cyprus placed under British administration. The few Jews who
lived in Cyprus under British rule were mainly silversmiths and
peddlers. Between 1883 and 1897
|
Davis Trietsch, portrait of another Zionist |
there were attempts to settle Jews from
Romania elsewhere on the island. In 1900, the economist Davis *Trietsch
made an attempt to settle Jews there after Herzl had failed in
negotiations over Erez Israel with the Turks.
In 1902 and 1903 Herzl discussed with *Chamberlain a plan to settle
Jews in Cyprus, but without success.
Between 1933 and 1939 Cyprus was a sanctuary for 500 Jewish refugees
from Germany. In 1941 the British began to evacuate the island, mainly
women and children, for fear of a German invasion, and its Jews were
also evacuated.
After World War II, when the stream of "illegal" immigration to
Palestine of the survivors in Europe assumed mass proportions, the
British government forcibly transferred many thousands of them to
deportation ships and sent them to detention camps in Cyprus. Their
total number, from 1946 until 1948, was about 51,500.
In the camps they were assisted by
shelihim
(emissaries) of the *Jewish Agency and the *Haganah to organize health
and education services as well as some military training. With the
establishment of the State of Israel they were released and quickly
absorbed in the mainstream of mass immigration which began to arrive in
the country (see *"Illegal" Immigration). In 1951 the Jewish population
numbered only 165 persons who lived in Nicosia, Larnaca, Limassol, and
Famagusta.> (col. 1182)
-----
Illegal Aliyah to Palestine by Mosad ships 1936-1948
(from: Israel, State of; In: Encyclopaedia Judaica 1971, vol. 9)
[Illegal immigration to Palestine
against the British White Paper policy restrictions]
<The
yishuv [[Jewish
population in Palestine before 1948]] supported by
Jews in the Diaspora and many non-Jewish sympathizers, denounced the
White Paper as a betrayal of Britain's obligations under the Mandate.
The organization of "illegal" immigration was intensified, and more and
more refugee ships made their way to Palestine.
[Illegal immigration ships
chartered by Mosad]
"ILLEGAL" ALIYAH. "Illegal" ships had been dispatched by He-Halutz,
bringing pioneering youth, and later by the Revisionists and some
individuals, who brought out large numbers of Central and East European
Jews, sometimes in collusion with their governments. It was known in
the yishuv as "Aliyah Bet" ("B Aliyah"). At first this activity was
frowned upon by the Jewish authorities, but in 1938, when British
restrictions were maintained despite the growing and urgent needs, the
underground
Mosad le-Aliyah Bet
("Institute for Aliyah Bet"), headed by
Shaul *Avigur, took the lead on
behalf of the Haganah and the Jewish Agency.
Between July 1934 and the outbreak of war in September 1939, 43 ships
succeeded in disembarking over 15,000 refugee passengers on the shores
of Palestine. The
yishuv and
the Zionist movement did not regard these Jews - most of whom were
refugees from poverty, persecution, and, as the event showed, death -
as "illegal immigrants"; for them the Mandatory government's attempts
to stop them entering the Jewish National Home were illegal. They were
referred to as
ma'pilim
("trail-blazers" or "daring pioneers").
[[For Mosad and the Free Mason Zionists the Arabs do not exist. The
book of Theodor Herzl "The Jewish State" which says that the Arabs can
be driven away like the natives in North America is the guideline for
Zionism, and until now this racist book celebrating a Great Israel
against the Arabs is legal to have. The Jews went from the Nazi trap
into the Zionist trap. And the main cause for anti-Semitism, the
"Christian" church, was never punished for it...]]
[1939-1945: Difficult organization
of ships for Palestine]
Of the Jews trapped in Europe by the outbreak of war in September 1939,
only a few thousand managed to escape the impending catastrophe. It was
desperately difficult to get ships, fuel, supplies, and crews willing
to risk the voyage in wartime conditions. Legal immigration had
declined to a trickle, and those who landed without getting permission
in advance, which was seldom possible, were still treated as illegal
immigrants.
[1946-1948: British patrols
catching some Jewish Mosad ships - drowning ships- embarking points]
The British navy kept constant watch. Some of the refugee boats were
fired on as they approached the coasts. Some were turned back: three of
these sank, and only the human cargo of one of them (the
Pancho in May 1940) was saved from
drowning; the passengers on the others were interned in camps or
deported to British colonies.
The refugees were embarked at ports in the Balkan countries, and some
of them landed at Constantinople, whence they made their way by land to
Palestine. Twenty-one boats in all completed the voyage, carrying some
15,000 refugees, whose numbers were deducted from the official quotas.
[Illegal immigration overland]
There was also some "illegal" immigration overland by Jews from Iraq,
Syria, and Lebanon across the northern border.
[since 1943: New entry permits by
British embassy in Turkey]
In the summer of 1943, after the world had learned of the Nazi
Holocaust, the British government instructed its embassy in Turkey to
give entry permits to Palestine to Jews who succeeded in escaping from
Nazi-occupied Europe. The emissaries of the Haganah, including those
who were parachuted into enemy territory, did all they could to
facilitate the flight of the refugees. From the beginning of (col. 532)
1944 they were assisted by the United States, which set up the War
Refugee Board for the purpose. altogether, some 61,000 persons entered
Palestine, with or without immigration certificates, during the years
1940-45.
[The postwar struggle for the
Jewish
National Home of the Zionist Free Masons - and the Jews don't realize
what trap this will be]
THE POSTWAR STRUGGLE. After the war, when the British maintained
the White Paper policy despite the pressure of the survivors of the
Holocaust in the *displaced persons' camps in Europe,
aliyah
became, even more than before, the major practical preoccupation of the
Zionist movement. The urgent problem of the survivors, which could not
be solved anywhere but in Palestine, aroused the movement and the
yishuv
to greater exertions and stiffened their determination to fight the
British policy of continued restrictions. At the same time it was a
striking demonstration to the world of the central importance of the
Jewish National Home for the Jewish people and the inadequacy of the
Mandate, as interpreted by the British government, to provide an
answer.
The arrival of the refugee boats and the treatment of their passengers
by the British did more than anything else to arouse world sympathy
for the Zionist cause. The demand for the admission of 100,000 Jews,
supported by U.S. President Truman and later by the Anglo-American
Committee on Palestine, was a major focus of the Zionist struggle. The
visits paid by the U.N. Special Committee on Palestine to the D.P.
camps and the determination expressed by the survivors of the
Holocaust to accept no solution but
aliyah
were major factors in persuading the members of the committee that the
Mandatory regime must be ended and a Jewish state established. (As this
phase of the struggle for
aliyah
was of such central importance in the history of the
yishuv, it is described in greater
detail in the Historical Survey).
[1945-1948: Mosad is launching
refugee boats to Israel]
Between August 1945 and May 1948, 65 refugee boats, all but one of
which were brought by the Mosad, arrived, with almost 70,000 immigrants
on board, bringing the total of Aliyah Bet since 1934 to over 100,000,
of which some 80% had come in the Mosad's ships.> (col. 533)
Sources from article "Israel, State of"
|
|
Encyclopaedia
Judaica: Israel, State of, vol. 9, col. 531-532, with indications about
the Illegal immigration to
Erez Israel under Mosad leadership
|
Encyclopaedia
Judaica: Israel, State of, vol. 9, col. 533-534, with indications about
the Illegal immigration to
Erez Israel under Mosad leadership
|
Link to all ships:
http://www.paulsilverstone.com/immigration/Primary/index.html
Link to the Exodus:
http://www.ushmm.org/uia-cgi/uia_query/photos?hr=null&query=kw203726
http://www.ushmm.org/uia-cgi/uia_doc/query/29?uf=uia_VMfKGl
